Kuala Lumpur is the pulsating heart of Malaysia. This city, filled with skyscrapers, is home to the iconic Petronas Twin Towers, while areas like Little India and Chinatown showcase its rich multicultural heritage. Malls are brimming with the latest fashions, technologies, and unique souvenirs, drawing bargain hunters from near and far. More than just a shopping destination, KL ranks among the world’s culinary capitals, featuring countless street-side eateries, food vendors, and bustling food courts. For a touch of nature, KL Forest Eco Park offers a slice of rainforest right in the city center.

Pro tip: KL serves as Malaysia’s central transport hub, making it easy to catch affordable domestic flights to other states.

Located 30 kilometers (18.6 miles) south of Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya is the administrative capital of Malaysia, renowned for its elegant architecture. Often mistaken for an extension of Kuala Lumpur due to their seamless transition, Putrajaya has its own unique charm. The Central Core District is home to grand government offices, while the stunning pink-domed Putra Mosque, with its towering 116-meter (381-foot) minaret, commands the skyline. The grand Seri Perdana, official residence of the Prime Minister, features a blend of Malay and Islamic styles with European neoclassical columns. Visitors can also enjoy the extensive botanical gardens and the modern Seri Wawasan cable bridge.

Pro tip: Putrajaya maintains a formal atmosphere; be sure to dress modestly and cover your arms and legs.

Negeri Sembilan (which means "Nine States" in Bahasa) consists of nine districts nestled between Selangor and Pahang. This small state is often overlooked by international travelers, who typically only visit Port Dickson. This quaint seaside town, located just an hour's drive from Kuala Lumpur, primarily attracts Malaysian tourists. While it may not boast beaches like Langkawi, it offers convenient access to the coastline. Seremban, the state capital, offers glimpses into the local culture with attractions like the State Museum and the local art complex.

Pro tip: History enthusiasts with their own transport can explore several lesser-known forts and a 16th-century Portuguese lighthouse.

Selangor is Malaysia's wealthiest and most densely populated state, home to around four million residents. Spanning the Klang Valley, Selangor features a variety of fascinating attractions, such as the striking blue-dome Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque in Shah Alam. The Kampong-style town of Kuala Selangor offers river cruises to experience the enchanting fireflies that illuminate the night sky. Food lovers can indulge in Kajang's famous satay or savor Klang's signature bak kut teh (pork rib soup).

Pro tip: A short bus ride from Kuala Lumpur to Cheras will lead you to accessible jungle trails.

Malacca is steeped in rich history and culture, proudly holding the title of one of the most historically significant states in Malaysia. The Sultanate of Malacca, established in the 15th century, played a crucial role in forming the modern Malay identity and experienced nearly five centuries of colonial influence from the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. Today, the UNESCO-listed Malacca City showcases an array of centuries-old monuments, such as St. Paul’s, the oldest church in Malaysia. Its vibrant food scene attracts countless visitors eager to explore Jonker Street and indulge in the abundant Peranakan cuisine.

Tip: Don’t miss out on Baba-Nyonya cuisine, a delightful fusion of Malay and Chinese culinary styles. Notable places to dine include Nancy’s Kitchen and Restaurant Nyonya Makko.

Johor is the southernmost state on the Malay Peninsula, with Johor Bahru (also known as ‘JB’) serving as the gateway to Singapore. While it may lack the tourist appeal of Malacca, it offers a worthwhile stopover. One of its most intriguing attractions is the Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque, which boasts a unique Victorian architectural style rather than traditional domes. Venture beyond JB for luxurious resorts on Rawa Island and a hidden diving paradise on Sibu Island.

Tip: Sample Johor laksa, which features yellow egg noodles instead of the typical rice noodles.

Pahang is one of Malaysia’s more diverse states, showcasing highlands, beaches, and islands. The Cameron Highlands, located approximately 1,200 meters (3,937 feet) above sea level, offers cool temperatures and picturesque terraced tea plantations. Visitors can enjoy activities like hiking to waterfalls, strawberry picking, and savoring English-style afternoon tea. Deeper into Pahang lies Taman Negara (National Park), home to the world’s longest canopy walk and Mount Tahan, the tallest peak in West Malaysia. Those seeking sun can find quieter resorts along Kuantan’s east coast or visit the idyllic Tioman Island for a romantic retreat.

Tip: Plan your transportation carefully as getting around Pahang can be tricky.

Perak is often overlooked but deserves recognition for its stunning limestone cliffs and cave temples. The cities of Ipoh and Taiping boast remarkable architecture and a flourishing food scene. Ipoh, with its Heritage Trail and ancient cave temples, is worth a two-night stay. Nearby, the eerie Kellie’s Castle awaits exploration. Taiping, previously a tin-mining hub, features beautiful gardens and a zoo with orangutans, while Pangkor Island offers serene beaches.

Tip: Visit Perak before it becomes a more popular tourist destination, as visitor numbers are on the rise.

Kedah encompasses part of the Malay Peninsula and the renowned duty-free Langkawi Island, which attracts the bulk of the state’s tourists with its stunning beaches and vibrant nightlife. Pantai Cenang, known for its soft sand and affordable beachside cocktails, is a must-visit. The mainland features Alor Setar, where traditional and modern architecture meld, alongside expansive paddy fields that represent Malaysia’s “Rice Bowl.”

Tip: Alor Setar is conveniently located between Langkawi and Penang, making it ideal for a 24-hour stopover.

Perlis, the smallest and most northern state in Malaysia, often flies under the radar. Just 40 kilometers (25 miles) from the Malay-Thai border, it is ruled by a raja instead of a sultan—a nuance dating back to its integration into Siam in the 19th century. Spend a couple of days in Perlis, visiting the royal capital Arau and the Masjid Terapung Al-Hussain floating mosque. The surrounding limestone caves offer intrigue for spelunking enthusiasts.

Tip: On Sundays, check out the Wang Kelian market, where goods from Malaysia and Thailand are sold.

Penang, a former colonial gem, is now celebrated for its vibrant street art and culinary offerings. Split between Penang Island and mainland Butterworth, capital George Town showcases charming British colonial architecture, while Butterworth features striking Chinese temples and views over the Strait and Penang Bridge.

Tip: Take the economical ferry between Butterworth and George Town for stunning views, costing only 1.20 Malaysian ringgit ($0.30).

Often less frequented by tourists, Kelantan is known as the ‘Land of Lightning’ and ‘Balcony of Mecca.’ Visitors should dress respectfully due to its conservative Islamic traditions. Domestic flights connect Kota Bahru to various Malaysian cities, but the city itself is worth a visit for its beautiful Islamic architecture and engaging museums. Don’t miss the vibrant Pasar Malam (Night Market) for delicious local street food.

Tip: Ensure you dress modestly to respect local customs.

Located between Kelantan and Pahang in northeast Malaysia, Terengganu is often overlooked by tourists, who tend to flock to the tropical islands in the South China Sea. For those seeking serene beaches and excellent snorkeling, the Perhentian Islands are a perfect choice. This diving haven comprises two main islands: the budget-friendly Perhentian Kecil, popular among younger travelers and backpackers, and the more upscale Perhentian Besar, favored by families. What distinguishes the Perhentian Islands from other Malaysian coastal destinations is their reasonably priced diving schools. For a touch of luxury, consider a stay at one of the exclusive resorts on Redang Island, while Kapas Island provides a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle.

Tip: While exploring Terengganu's islands, be mindful of the local customs, as swimwear like speedos and bikinis may only be permitted on designated beaches.

Sabah, situated on Borneo in East Malaysia, is a treasure trove of biodiversity. Most of the state is cloaked in ancient rainforest, home to unique species like proboscis monkeys and orangutans. The iconic Mount Kinabalu, standing at 4,095 meters (13,435 feet), is Malaysia’s tallest peak and a popular destination for adventurers, with Kota Kinabalu serving as the primary base for climbers. Speedboats can whisk you to Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park for quick access to stunning beaches and snorkeling spots. Don't miss a day trip to Kudat, the northernmost point known as the 'Tip of Borneo,' and be sure to enjoy the fireflies in Kota Belud. For jungle enthusiasts, spending a few nights in Danum Valley or the lesser-visited Maliau Basin can be an unforgettable experience.

Tip: Make plans to participate in Sabah’s Pesta Kaamaatan (Harvest Festival) on May 30 and 31, which offers a fantastic opportunity to engage with indigenous cultures and traditions.

Sarawak, the largest state in Malaysia, can be found on Borneo Island. Its expansive interior is dominated by dense jungles interspersed with caves and national parks. The coastline along the South China Sea is dotted with small cities such as Kuching, Sibu, and Miri. Many visitors begin their journey in Kuching, affectionately nicknamed the "City of Cats." Key attractions include the Kuching Waterfront, Astana (the palace), and Carpenter Street. A visit to Bako National Park is highly recommended, where curious proboscis monkeys can be seen near the park headquarters. For those with additional time, Sarawak is also home to notable caves, with Niah National Park near Miri being particularly accessible.

Tip: Experience the traditional lives of Sarawak's indigenous Dayak people by visiting their villages, often only reachable by longboat. Various tours offer insights into these rural communities.

Labuan, referred to as "The Pearl of Borneo," is a little-known destination comprising one large island and six smaller ones, situated near Sabah and Brunei. Labuan Town offers a compact, pedestrian-friendly environment where visitors can relax on the beaches and enjoy stunning Bornean sunsets. Some opt for duty-free shopping or exploring WWII sites like Japanese Surrender Park. However, the main draw for many is the wealth of diving opportunities, as Labuan boasts some of the highest concentrations of diving sites in Asia, alongside breathtaking coral formations.

Tip: Labuan Island is conveniently located near Brunei’s Bandar Seri Begawan. You can take a ferry from Kota Kinabalu in Sabah and stop by Labuan before continuing to Brunei.